Importing and exporting goods to and from the United States involves navigating a complex web of customs documents and procedures. Understanding these processes is crucial for businesses engaged in international trade. This article provides an overview of the key customs documents and procedures for import and export activities in the United States.
Importer of Record (IOR): To import goods into the U.S., a company or individual must designate an Importer of Record. The IOR is responsible for ensuring compliance with U.S. customs regulations and paying any applicable duties and taxes.
Customs Broker: Many importers hire customs brokers to assist with customs clearance. These professionals have expertise in navigating customs procedures and can help ensure compliance with all requirements.
Commercial Invoice: A detailed commercial invoice is required for all imported goods. It should include information such as the description of the goods, their value, quantity, and the terms of sale.
Bill of Lading (BOL) or Airway Bill: These documents serve as proof of shipment and ownership of the goods. The choice between BOL and Airway Bill depends on the mode of transportation.
Harmonized System (HS) Codes: Importers must classify their goods using HS codes to determine the applicable tariffs and duties. The U.S. International Trade Commission provides a searchable database for HS code classification.
Importer Security Filing (ISF): For ocean shipments, importers are required to submit an ISF at least 24 hours before the goods are loaded onto the vessel.
Duty and Tax Payment: Import duties and taxes must be paid before the goods can be released from customs. Importers can use customs bonds to facilitate this process.
Exporter of Record (EOR): Like the IOR for imports, an Exporter of Record is responsible for ensuring compliance with export regulations. This designation is important for tracking the movement of goods out of the country.
Export License: Depending on the nature of the goods and their destination, an export license may be required. The U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) can provide guidance on export controls.
Electronic Export Information (EEI): For most exports valued over $2,500, the EEI must be filed with the U.S. Census Bureau through the Automated Export System (AES).
Export Declaration: The Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED) is required for exports that do not go through the AES. It provides information on the goods, their destination, and the parties involved.
Documentation Verification: Customs and Border Protection (CBP) may verify export documentation to ensure compliance with export regulations.
Importing and exporting goods in the United States involves a thorough understanding of customs documents and procedures. Businesses must work closely with customs brokers and comply with regulatory requirements to ensure smooth international trade operations. Staying informed about changes in customs regulations is essential for success in the global market.
